The Problem of Monopolies

Monopolies develop according to the definite monopoly market structure which is discussed by economists as opposite to the competitive market because only one seller controls the industry.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Monopolies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company can be described as a pure monopoly when it is a single seller of certain products or services within the market, when it is a price maker, the barriers to entry are high, and there are no close substitutes for products. The development of a monopoly within the industry creates conditions which can characterize the imperfect competition based on the absence of the other sellers. Moreover, the lack of the substitutes is observed, and the company becomes a monopoly within the market (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012). Microsoft is the leading producer of operating systems for personal computers and different types of software in the USA. This leading position is often discussed as an attempt to receive the status of a monopoly within the market in order to gain the high economic profits typical for monopolies oriented to innovations. The recent situation in the market of the computer software is rather controversial. It can be explained basing on the idea that Microsoft tried to gain the market power several years ago. Microsoft took the leading position within the industry in the 1990s when the most successful variants of the Windows operating system for personal computers were worked out. Moreover, the company presented the effective applications software, and the majority of the personal computers’ users began to utilize the Windows operating system. Microsoft Office and Outlook also became popular with the users due to the fact the possible alternatives could not be discussed as the appropriate substitutes for the products and services provided by Microsoft. For instance, the operating system Microso ft Windows 95 was effectively utilized by over than 80% users in the USA because their computers were Intel based (Bittlingmayer Hazlett, 2000). Thus, the situation was discussed by the government as critical because of Microsoft’s possibility to develop into the monopoly with maintaining the control over the market. Microsoft had to change strategies of presenting the products and attracting the buyers after the investigations conducted in 1994 and 1997 in order to address the government’s requirements. The advantages of Microsoft are in the fact the company regularly presents the technologically innovative products which have no substitutes within the market because of their high quality and originality. From this point, Microsoft’s strategy is based on the active usage of the technological development’s results.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, the company is regulated with references to the effective strategic marketing techniques in order to attract more customers (Bittlingmayer Hazlett, 2000). According to these points, Microsoft supports its leading position and contributes to developing the controversial question of monopolization of the market. Thus, the leading position of Microsoft depends on the high standards and quality of the products. The market occupied by the company is so expanded that there are significant barriers to entry which are the company’s ownership, peculiarities of pricing, and legal aspects. As a result, customers have no access to any relevant alternative products (McConnell, Brue, Flynn, 2012). Today, the activity of Microsoft in developing the operating systems should be discussed with references to such competitors as the producers of iOS for Apple and Linux Operating System. Limiting the possibilities for the competitors’ entries into the market, monopolies contro l the industry and develop monopoly pricing, maximizing the profits. Moreover, these processes are associated with the factor of a downward sloping demand curve which is typical for monopolies. From this point, monopolies are not discussed by economists as the effective way for a company to develop within the industry (Kahn, 1999; Krugman Wells, 2009). Nevertheless, not all the monopolies are bad. For instance, a natural monopoly does not influence the progress of the market negatively because it depends on the system of the fixed costs. Moreover, not all the monopolies are bad because of the definite support provided by the government. That is why, government monopolies can be discussed as good monopolies or legal monopolies. However, the government can regulate and control not many monopolies. The U.S. Postal Service is the legal monopoly developed in the country because the activity of the company is controlled by the government, and the specific functions can be realized only b y the U.S. Postal Service (Krugman Wells, 2009). It is possible to conclude that monopolies challenge the principle of the perfect competition and can be discussed as the negative factor for the industry and market’s development. Nevertheless, such types of monopolies as natural monopolies based on the large economies of scale and constant marginal costs which can be less than average ones and legal monopolies which are characterized by the government’s control should not be discussed as absolutely negative structures because they develop according to the specific principles. Economists agree that the main disadvantages of monopolies are associated with the characteristics of pure monopolies when only one company is a seller within the market with the possibilities to control it and provide the barriers to entry. Furthermore, the monopoly market structure provokes the growth of prices which are often higher than the prices within the competitive markets.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Problem of Monopolies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Bittlingmayer, G., Hazlett, T. W. (2000). DOS Kapital: Has antitrust action against Microsoft created value in the computer industry? Journal of Financial Economics, 55, 329-359. Kahn, A. E. (1999). The economics of regulation: Principles and institutions. USA: The MIT Press. Krugman, P., Wells, R. (2009). Economics. USA: Worth Publishers. McConnell, C. R., Brue, S. L., Flynn, S. M. (2012). Economics. USA: McGraw-Hill. This essay on The Problem of Monopolies was written and submitted by user Charlee Knox to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

25 Essay Topics for American Government Classes

25 Essay Topics for American Government Classes If you are a teacher searching for essay topics to assign to your U.S. government or civics class or looking for ideas, do not fret. It is easy to integrate debates and discussions into the classroom environment. These topic suggestions provide a wealth of ideas for written assignments such as  position papers, compare and contrast essays  and  argumentative essays. Scan the following 25 question topics and ideas to find just the right one. Youll soon be reading interesting papers from your students after they grapple with these challenging and important issues. 25 Topics Compare and contrast what is a direct democracy versus representative democracy.  React to the following statement: Democratic decision-making should be extended to all areas of life including schools, the workplace, and the government.  Compare and contrast the Virginia and New Jersey plans. Explain how these led to the Great Compromise.  Pick one thing about the U.S. Constitution including its amendments that you think should be changed. What  modifications would you make? Explain your reasons for making this change.What did Thomas Jefferson mean when he said, The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants? Do you think that this statement still applies to todays world?  Compare and contrast mandates and conditions of aid regarding the federal governments relationship with states. For example, how has FEMA delivered support to states and commonwealths which have experienced natural disasters?Should individual states have mor e or less power compared to the federal government when implementing laws dealing with topics such as legalization of marijuana  and abortion?   Outline a program that would get more people to vote in presidential elections or local elections.What are the dangers of gerrymandering when it comes to voting and presidential elections?Compare and contrast the major political parties in the United States. What platforms did they use in the last presidential election? What policies are they preparing for upcoming midterm elections?Why would voters choose to vote for a third party, even though they know that their candidate has virtually no chance of winning?  Describe the major sources of money that are donated to political campaigns. Check out the Federal Election Regulatory Commissions website for information.Should corporations be treated as individuals regarding being allowed to donate to political campaigns?  Ã‚  Look at the recent Citizens United ruling.  Defend your answer.  Explain the role of social media in connecting interest groups that have grown stronger as the major political parties have grown weaker.  Exp lain why the media has been called the fourth branch of government. Include your opinion on whether this is an accurate portrayal. Compare and contrast the campaigns of Senate and  House of Representatives candidates.Should term limits be instituted for members of Congress? Explain your answer.Should members of Congress vote their conscience or follow the will of the people who elected them into office? Explain your answer.Explain how executive orders have been used by presidents throughout the history of the U.S. What is the number of executive orders issued by the current president?In your opinion, which of the three branches has the most power? Defend your answer.Which of the rights guaranteed by the First Amendment do you consider the most important? Explain your answer.  Should a school be required to get a warrant before searching a students property? Defend your answer.  Why did the Equal Rights Amendment fail? What kind of campaign could be run to see it passed?Explain how the 14th Amendment has affected civil liberties in the United States from the time of its passage at the end of the Civil War.D o you think that the federal government has enough, too much or just the right amount of power? Defend your answer.

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Example for Free

Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic Essay Originally it was called British Atlantic Airways, later changed to Virgin Atlantic Airways. The first flight was from Gatwick to Netwark on the 22nd of June 1984 (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The company launched a ? 6 m advertising campaign in 2010, which was James Bond themed (Guardian, 2010). The new advertisement helped the company recover from the recession. Now I will examine how exactly it was achieved and what methods were used to obtain the best performance of the advertisement. 2) Target Market. Market segmentation is a way of separating the consumers into different sections by their shared needs and personalities (Leon. G, 2010, p. 28). The needs and values depend from person to person according to his culture (Leon. G, 2010, p. 366). The VALS (values and lifestyles) segmentation system clearly shows the type of audience this commercial is aiming at (Leon. G, pp. 84). This system divides consumers into eight distinctive subcategories, which consist of: thinkers, achievers, experiencers, believers, strivers and makers. The subcategories this advertisement will appeal to are: innovators because they are receptive to new technologies and who can experience the innovated technologies at a Virgin Atlantic flight; achievers because they are goal oriented consumers who like to display success to their piers, which they can display by flying Virgin Atlantic as it is high class airlines; experiencers because they like to spend their income on fashion, socializing and entertainment which Virgin Atlantic offers through great service, food, entertainment and their flights are considered as ‘trendy’. The social comparison theory states that the consumer with higher purchase ability tends to have a higher status; this is a proof why achievers like to spend on luxurious products and services (Leon. G, 2010, p. 338). This commercial appeals to all the five effective target-marketing segments (Leon. G, 2010, p. 73). It is identifiable as it clearly distinguishes the shared needs, age and gender of the consumer. The consumer is a businessman or career orientated workingwoman who prefers high-class service. The age would appeal to Generation Y that is born from 1980 and on wards (Leon. G, 2010, p. 410). The Generation Y spends 150 billion annually and is into innovation and luxury while Generation X is considered as ‘sophisticated’ group. Virgin Atlantic Airways allows children ages 5 and above to travel or should be accompanied by an adult (16+). Pets are accepted if they accompany a disabled person (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). 3) Service offered. The marketing mix shows what kind of service/product is offered by dividing the elements to: product, price, place and promotion (Leon. G, 2010, p. 58). The service being offered is not just a flight from one destination to another; it is an experience at a high-class level of the Virgin Atlantic flight where the costumer will be served at a high class, with security, entertainment and with maximum comfort. It is a high-involvement purchase, which requires considerate thought and cognitive process, as the price is high (Leon. G, 2010, p. 231). The flight can be purchased online or at a flight ticket office. The company offers promotion such as: flying club card, ticket sales and discount codes/vouchers (Virgin Atlantic, 2012). The price and quality relationship the company has is low- price tickets in comparison with their competitors and with a high-class service. 4) Seasonality. The time of placing the advertisement is very important, as there are competing companies to take into consideration. The order effect research has shown that the advertisements presented first (primacy effect) and last (regency effect) has a greater effect on the consumer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 302). The release date was 26 October 2010, which was a great push to recovery from recession. British Airways and American Airlines are the biggest competitors. American Airlines released their commercial in May 2010, which had a primacy effect where as Virgin Atlantic Airlines gained a regency effect. The James Bond 007 Blood Stone video game was released on 5th of November 2010(IMDB, 2010). This shows that the commercial was released 10 days before the release date of the game. This strategy used by Virgin Atlantic is a very clever marketing move, as their advertisement is James Bond themed and during that period of time all sorts of media (TV, newspapers, online, word of mouth and billboards) had James Bond game advertisements. Virgin Airlines got increased attention to their advertisement by publishing their advertisement at time coinciding with Blood Stone’s release. 5) Positioning the commercial. The advertisement is transmitting through mass media as well as through new (non traditional) media (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 294-296). The commercial is played on TV where it addresses wide range of consumers (i. e. via mass media) and through YouTube where it is addressable and interactive, while response – measurable. It was also played during the flights on the Virgin Atlantic TV channel where it exclusively targets its audience (i. e. via target media). 6) Reason for the commercial. The consumer behavior consists of searching for, purchasing, using, evaluating, disposing of products and services that in their belief will fulfill their wants (Leon. G, 2010, p. 23). The commercial was created in order to persuade and make aware the audience of the fact that the service being offered by the airlines is luxurious, entertaining and high-class, to convince that this kind of service will satisfy there needs. ) Perception. â€Å"Perception is defined as the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture of the world. †(Leon. G, 2010, p. 175) This advertisement appeals to emotional motives, which are affection, status and pride in this case (Leon. G, 2010, p. 110). The advertisements mood is sexually charged and is putting the buyer into a state of excitement by: James Bond themed music and graphics, illustrations of high-class adventure and good-looking actors in the commercial. Abraham Maslow created the Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which identifies the five basic levels of human needs (Maslow, 1987). The advert is aiming to satisfy all the five needs of the potential consumer. Egoistic needs will be satisfied during the flight on these airlines, as it is illustrated as a prestigious flight. Egoistic needs include the need of good reputation, status and recognition from others, which advert convinces that the consumer will have, if he/she chooses Virgin Atlantic Airways. Need of Self-Actualization will be satisfies as shown in the advert, by flying on this flight the customer will feel self-actualized by getting high-class service which he/she deserved or earned themselves. Social Needs are to be satisfied by communication with good-looking staff. The Virgin Atlantic cabin crew was voted as the most attractive staff in the whole world by the surveys of travelers (Daily mail, 2011). Richard Branson has always stated that the appearance of the flight crew must be important in order make the customers enjoy a memorable flight. Cabin staff of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are told that: ‘You’ll be the face of the airline. As such, your grooming should always be immaculate – even after a long, tiring flight’ (Daily mail, 2011). As flying on an airplane has a small risk of security, the advert is aiming to convince that their flight is safe and is a pleasant experience where there is nothing to worry about. Physiological needs will be satisfied by the high-class food and beverage service that would be offered during the flight by good-looking staff. Air and shelter will also be present, as the designed with up to date technology. This commercial is aimed at visual consumers that prefer and take information better through visual images or messages as sources of information (Leon. G, 2010, p. 147). While watching the Virgin Atlantic advertisement repetitively on TV or Online passive learning is occurring and it changes the consumer’s attitude regarding the product (Leon. G, 2010, p. 232). The theme message delivered through this advert is: ‘Your airline’s either got it or it hasn’t’. There is a message resonance in the wording, which adds a bit of humor to it and will make the viewer remember the commercial (Leon. G, 2010, p. 301). The theme message has comparative advertising technique to it where Virgin makes the viewer compare their airlines to Virgin Atlantic (Leon. G, 2010, p. 303). The sexiness in advertising is present in order to grab the attention of the viewer (Leon. G, 2010, p. 308). The hostesses are wearing short dresses in red color and the man who is passing the security check hasn’t got underwear on. Virgin is trying to show that their flights are ‘sexy’. This technique tries to show the security the airlines provide (angel like). The flight team is very good looking and is walking with self-assurance, which adds confidence to the image of the company. The runway lines and the red carpet represents the luxurious service. | | Transition from the safety demonstration to the airplane saloon is done without editing cuts, which is very eye-catching. | | The shot of people sitting around of a pool of martini and playing with the olive, which represents entertainment, beverage and luxury the airlines offer to their customers. 9) Buying process. â€Å"The consumer decision making can be viewed as three distinct but interlocking stages: the input stage, the process stage and the output stage†(Leon. G, 2010, p. 36). This advertisement is designed in order to influence the input and process stage in order to make the consumer come to the output stage. This advert influences and increases the consumer’s recognition of the service ne ed. The information is delivered to the consumers through the marketing efforts of the commercial, which will influence not only media but also word of mouth marketing. The Psychoanalytical Theory of Personality created by Sigmund Freud explains the drivers of the output stage (Leon. G, 2010, pp. 137-139). According to Freud’s theory this commercial will affect superego and id to make the purchase. The superego will be gratified when purchasing this service because he/she will become socially and fashionably acceptable, as Virgin Atlantic flight is ‘trendy’. Id will be gratified if the consumer will make the purchase because the airlines offer the basic requirements such as food, shelter and security. The consumer will make a trial or a repeat purchase when buying this service (Leon. G, 2010, p. 497). The consumer might be new to the company or be a frequent loyal customer. 10) Involvement levels and risk perception. Involvement is a very important factor in how much attention is paid to the message sent to the viewer and how it is understood. There are different ways to measure the involvement of the viewer. There are two ways of involvement, high-risk and low-risk purchases. The higher the risk, the higher the involvement and research will be. The flight purchase is a low-involvement product and consumers prefer congruent context of the message delivered (Leon. G, 2010, p. 293). The mood of the consumer is very important, if he/she is in a bad mood, the content of the commercial might cause a bad reaction of the viewer. Psychological noise may be distracting the viewer from the commercial and the advertisement has contrast in the imagery in order to keep the viewers attention. 11) Conclusion. The advertisement created by the Virgin Atlantic airlines in my opinion was successful . The James Bond theme imageries and soundtrack had a great impact on the effectiveness of the commercial. Every time the consumer will watch James Bond movie or play a James Bond game, the commercial will subconsciously come to their mind and the other way around. The time it was released was perfect, as they needed a push to get out from the recession. The commercial had a bit too much sex advertisement in it, which may led to worse effect tan could have achieved and made the competitors (American Airlines) stand out more, as they had a touching TV commercial that gave gratitude to the men in uniform, veterans and their families. Sexual advertising may distract the consumer’s attention from the message content being sent. This technique may have a little influence on the buyers purchasing intentions and a risk of spoiling the image of the company. This advert is targeting businessman, but there is the family audience with children and generation X, which they are risking of loosing. The commercial is based mostly on emotions and only in one short scene the viewer can see the seats with the monitors. The saloons, seats and the exact food of Virgin Atlantic Airlines are not shown, but they are very important to be shown, as the consumer wants to see the comfort he/she will have during the flight. The fact that the advertisement shows a man being tucked into a cloud and not airplane seat could make an impression that the airlines are hiding something and their seats are not good enough to be shown in the advertisement. This advertisement could have been improved by focusing the viewer’s attention much more on the design of the saloon, comfortable seats and delicious food. Nonetheless, overall this was a very well executed and effective advertisement with successfully reached hearts and minds of customer. Buyers Behaviour Virgin Atlantic. (2018, Oct 18).

Euro Crisis in terms of the Greek Debt Issue Research Paper

Euro Crisis in terms of the Greek Debt Issue - Research Paper Example This aspect caught the government of Greece unawares because the expenditure that had been made on the defense equipments was so high meaning that the rest of the country’s economy had been under budgeted. The major economic sources that comprised of tourism and the shipping industry were adversely affected by the economic deterioration that had hit all parts of the world. Lack of monetary fund to plan and budget for the governmental and non-governments needs arose in 2010. This caused the government of Greece to request for a loan in late April in the year 2010 from the European Union and International Monetary Fund (IMF) so that it could be able to cater for its needs and the needs of its citizens. Researchers announced few days after the issuing of the loan that the Greek government could not be able to repay the loan thus the investors that have invested in the Greek government and companies risked losing almost half of their investments. This announcement caused fear amon g the investors, existing and willing investors, and they withdrew from their original plans to avoid further losses. Effects of the crisis of Greece The Greek government had to introduce drastic measures that led to the infliction of high economic standards to the citizens of Greece in May that year. The high cost of living and low-income rates due to high taxes and other governmental requirements made the Greek citizens to have a series of peaceful protests, which later turned into social instability and riots in Greece. The International Monetary Fund in conjunction with European Union intervened and added an additional loan to the Greek government in 2011 on condition that it could regulate the flow of money and economy (James, 2001). In addition, Greece was supposed to come up with a structure of repaying the loan. This structure was to be produced by the Greek government and agreed upon by the International Monetary Fund, European Union and the Greek government. The European U nion gave pressure to the prime minister of Greece due to the improper management and governance during his regime and threatened to withdrawal part of the loan that they were supposed to process for the Greek government. This led to George Papandreou step down to give room for an election of a new and focused regime to cover for the damages caused and give room for more external and internal donations and loans. The resigning of the prime minister caused or led to the release of the percent of the loan that had remained and the appointment of an interim prime minister to take control of the debt repayment and proper use of allocated funds. Scholars and economic analysts has been following up the case of the Greek economic break down and that of the European Union and are suggesting a possible break through for the European nations. The economic analysts are suggesting that the Greek government should stop using Euros and bring back its former currency, drachma, as its currency unti l it stabilizes. However, this would result in a political and economical instability and deterioration (Drazen, 2011). Some scholars argue that the reintroduction of the drachma would result to a more than 50% fall in its value if Greece chose to drop the use of Euro. This would mean that that the Greek government would suffer from high rates of inflation and there are possibilities of riots, military coups and war. In order to avoid this outcome, the

Final two pages Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final two pages - Assignment Example Composition entailed the application of the visual elements to produce a frame that is consistent with the entire continuity. The story is about a student who attends a school in which he has to sit for the entry examinations. He failed the first exam, which forced him to create a pill that shall assist in mutation and the development of a photographic memory. This would allow the student to memorize the contents of the entire book in order to correctly answer the examination questions. As a result, the student manages to attain an A grade in the examination, leading to his admission in the school. The film further expounds on the concept and applications of mutation in academics and other fields. This exposes the negative aspects of mutations in the real world that people use in their fields. The materials and methods I used to create the visuals and narrative involved lighting, characters, tables, pictures and figures. It was appropriate to use the images in order to make the audience become interactive with the topic. The sub-titles were used to guide the audience and emphasized on the illustration of plot development. It is apparent that the materials enable the audience to relate to the topic for easy understanding of the different terms. For instance, the pictures had to be accurate for the message to be easily conveyed without causing confusions. The mutation topic requires the real usage of concepts since it is a biological process that people experience. The message of the film is that mutation is the solution of evolution. This implies that if it can be controlled, then a better human race can be developed. Mutation has enabled the production of things that people use for various purposes and this needs control. This message of the film is significant in order to educate people on how mutation contributes to evolution. The process and viewing of the film informed my understanding of cell biology since it deepened my

Theodore Roethke, “My Papa’s Waltz” (999) Essay Example for Free

Theodore Roethke, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† (999) Essay Theodore Roethke (1948) My Papas Waltz The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not simple. We romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mothers countenance Could not unfrown itself. The hand that held my wrist Was battered on one knuckle; At every step you missed My right ear scraped a buckle. You beat time on my head With a palm caked hard by dirt, Then waltzed me off to bed Still clinging to your shirt. Summary A man recounts the childhood memories of his father coming home from work and dancing with him. They dance wildly; make a mess of the kitchen. Her mother does not approve. Next the father puts him to bed with the child tightly holding on to him. Paraphrase The smell of whisky on your mouth was strong enough to make a child like me giddy. However it did not stop me from keeping a tight grip on you as this type of rowdy dancing was not easy. We danced wildly till the utensils glide from the mantelpiece. My mother did not approve of our behavior and glared at us. The hand which supported my wrist had one knuckle tattered. Each time you put a wrong step, my right ear rubbed the hard surface of your belt. You hit me occasionally on my head with your palm which was covered with solid mud. Afterwards you dance me to my bed while I kept a firm hold on your shirt. Short Decision Part After reading the poem Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, for the second time I understood that the poem is a narration of the happy childhood memories of the author. The very title of the poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†, where the child mentions his father as ‘papa’ confirms the fact that the child has great affection for his father. The sentence ‘The whisky on your breath could mean that his father enjoys a drink before going to bed. The word ‘death’ means that the son enjoys but this rowdy dance is not easy so the son holds tightly to his father to avoid falling. When their wild dance made the kitchen untidy, his mother only frowned. Her silence shows that it is just a harmless dance between father and son. The sentence ‘You beat time on my head’ means that his father affectionately beat on his head with the rhythm of the dance.   I think that the last two lines, where the child tells that the father dancingly moved towards the his bed and put him to sleep, yet the child does not loosen his hold on his father’s shirt confirms that there is great and love and affection between the father and son. Reference Theodore Roethke, My Papas Waltz. 3 October 2007. http://gawow.com/roethke/poems/43.html

Television Soap Operas and Moral Debate :: Philosophy Research Papers

Television Soap Operas and Moral Debate ABSTRACT: This paper proposes that we should aim to refine talk about issues in soap opera as a means of developing moral reasoning skills. I begin with a report of work at schools in New Jersey over 1996-97, during which excerpts of a popular soap opera, 'Party of Five,' were used as the basis of a rigorous philosophical discussion of moral behavior. I then turn to the distinctive role of soap opera as a locus of moral discussion, with an example of a Mexicana telenovela. I suggest that children are already engaged in moral debate about soap operas and are eager to develop a more rigorous critical framework for the debate. I argue that children appreciate the opportunity to flesh out the school yard gossip about soap operas with a philosophically sophisticated discussion. My approach draws on the work of Matthew Lipman in philosophy for children, Neil Postman's critique of television, and David Buckingham's analysis of children's responses to television. The paper proposes that we aim to refine talk about issues in soap opera as a means of developing moral reasoning skills. It begins with a report of work at schools in New Jersey over 1996-7, during which excerpts of a popular soap opera, 'Party of Five' were used as the basis of a rigorous philosophical discussion of moral behaviour. The paper then turns to the distinctive role of soap opera as a locus of moral discussion, with an example of a Mexican telenovela. I suggest that children are already engaged in moral debate about soap operas and are eager to develop a more rigorous critical framework for the debate. My argument is that children appreciate the opportunity to flesh out the school yard gossip about soap operas with a philosophically sophisticated discussion. The approach draws on the work of Matthew Lipman in Philosophy for Children, Neil Postman's critique of television and David Buckingham's analysis of children's responses to television. PARTY OF FIVE Claudia: No, uh ah, no way. Charlie: Claudia Claudia: No, forget it. That's, that is a terrible thing to do. Julia: Yeah, it is. It is, but how else, Claude, I mean, how else are we going to get him here? Claudia: I don't know, but that? No, you can't tell him that. You can't have him get in his car and drive all the way over here thinking that. You don't think this is the cruelest thing you could do to a person, I mean you're actually OK with this ?

Project Base Learning in the classroom Essay

Project based learning in classroom is a great departure from that of the conventional classroom learning method. The conventional learning is teacher centric and the students learn directly from their teacher. On the other hand, the project based learning is student centric while the teacher has only the role of a facilitator. Today’s world is more advanced in technology hence more complex. There are a lot of opportunities as well as various problems. Only those who can successfully handle such complex tasks can succeed in the modern life. The student needs to be prepared to face such things in their future life. And the project based learning in the classroom itself gives them a glimpse of challenges lying ahead and types of life surviving skills that needed to face them. In this method, the students are given challenging tasks, individually or in a group, which they need to carry out, using the concepts and principles they learned from the text books and their own common sense and creative thinking. Most of the tasks given to the students are related to real life situations. The basic idea behind using such real life situations is that it will make the student competent enough to construct solutions for such situations in the real life as when they arise. Project based learning method allows the students to decide themselves the course of actions in order to achieve the objective of the task or solve the given problem. They ask themselves the questions that need to be answered to produce the required answers. They themselves find out the answers and the ways to meet the set objectives. Their inherent qualities like leadership skills, problem solving skills and communication skills etc are forced to develop during this process. They also learn to think in a group which is essential in modern work culture. Unlike the passive role they played in the teacher centric learning method, the students are leaning things by actually doing it and experiencing the thrill as well as the difficulties of such learning. They get a chance to apply the knowledge they acquired from the text books on to the real life situations. The students direct themselves and this instills in them a sense of responsibility and their motivational levels will go up. The utilization of technology such as computer and internet etc give them a real clue about their immense utility. They get to experience the pride that is associated with the achievement of goals and they are ready for more. The teacher, who is also the facilitator, finally assesses the findings or suggestions submitted by the students and give his feedback. The feedback is very much important for the students and will help them make good the shortcoming and move forward. This way they horn their skills in every area of leaning and by the time they finish the schooling, they are ready to take on the numerous challenges that the life throws at them.

An Irregular Warfare Strategy for Somalia Essay

Introduction The use of Irregular Warfare has been ongoing for years around the world. Irregular warfare is described as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. I will discuss where the U.S. may apply military force in conjunction with other means of national power to stabilize the nation of Somalia. I will also discuss why it would be considered as an Irregular Warfare environment. Body Somalia gained its independence from British control in 1960, where the British relinquished control and gave Somalia to the United Nations. Somalia was governed by civilians until 1969; after which the military rebellion by General Muhammed Siad Barre took place. General Muhammed Siad Barre was a military tyranny that was in command of Somalia and it’s military. His tyranny lasted over 2 decades. During the 1970s the United States government communicated with General Barre and donated over 100 million dollars to help stabilize the Somali economy. The United States knew it was within there best interest to keep General Barre in power of Somalia for a while. The United States also knew that by the late 1980s the Somali economy would be unable to sustain itself and foreign aid would be withdrawn. After the collapse of Somalia’s economy, the United States revolted against General Barre’s oppressive regime. Different warlords of Somalia fought together against Genera l Barre, ending his power and forcing him to flee the country. The United States maintained the tyranny by supporting General Barre and his dictatorship because they had an agenda. They then used their power of the situation to overthrow General Barre in the end. In 1991 The United Somali Congress (USC) was formed and a temporary president was appointed to govern the nation. With dissention within the USC they were later over thrown by  the Islamic Courts Union. The Islamic Courts Union had the support of the people because they offered services such as schools and health care. They also took on the responsibility of law enforcement which was paid for by local businesses to lower and maintain the crime rate within the area. The Islamic Courts Union took on the responsibility of halting robberies and drug dealing, as well as stopping the showing of what it claims to be pornographic films in local movie houses. The Islamic Courts Union also addressed problems throughout the region by establishing community services and security which in turn help them to gain the trust of the local residents. Local warlords became concerned over the growing power of the Islamic Courts Union. The Warlords decided to join together to create the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter Terrorism (ARPCT. The Islamic Courts Union lost their power over Mogadishu in 2006, when they were defeated and forced to Kismayo, which is in the southern part of the country. Conflicts within the nation of Somalia were sometimes planned as a means to an end. Whereby the United States Government supported a certain regime before they used their power to gain control of the situation and overthrow the tyrant. In other cases the use of national power was used such as the Islamic Courts Union to gain control over Somalia by implementing logical line of operations by providing the people their needs and services to gain their trust. In these situations it would be considered as an irregular warfare environment, because they were violent struggles for power within the nation. Conclusion The use of power can cause conflict within nations and among nations; however, being able to manage conflict can bring about some form of peace within and with nations. This essay discussed some examples of Irregular Warfare and how it played a part in Somalia. It also discussed some examples of Irregular Warfare that was used throughout the history of the Somalia conflict. References Irregular Warfare (IW) Joint Operating Concept (JOC). (2007). http://marshallfoundation.org/documents/IrregularWarfare.pdf Somalia Civil War. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war /somalia.htm>. The National Counterterrorism Center. (2014). http://www.nctc.gov/site /groups/al_shabaab.html

Feeding Problems and Autistic Spectrum Disorder Research Paper

Feeding Problems and Autistic Spectrum Disorder Research Paper Feeding Problems and Autistic Spectrum Disorder Research Paper Evidence Based Practice Articles on Autism and Feeding Problems Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by different forms of difficulties such as verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and social interactions (Freedman, 2008 p.4). The condition is a learning disorder, and it depicts a development issue in the brain. Children with autism and autistic spectrum disorder find it hard to interact with other children of their age, and when in school, teachers, and other pupils consider the autistic children as â€Å"difficult†. However, autism can be managed very well. Children with autism need nursing care to bring out the best from them. According to a research conducted by Marcus Autism Center, children with autism are at risk of poor feeding and feeding disorder (Woodruff Health Sciences Center , 2013 para.1). It is notable that proper and healthy meals help children to develop mentally by socializing during meals, but autistic children do not experience that. Good nursing practice are needed to ensure that autism does not affect feeding and health of a child. Children with Autism at Considerable Risk of Nutritional Deficits and Feeding Problems The Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of Medicine and the Marcus Autism Center were the first institutions to conduct a research on the issue (Woodruff Health Sciences Center, 2013). First of all, it is not clear what causes autism. It may be genetic since the condition runs in families. Scientists have conducted several other researches to determine the brain sections that lead to the condition (Woodruff Health Sciences Center, 2013). The investigation carried out involved using all peer reviewed articles written on autism and feeding problems. A meta-analysis of the peer reviewed articles was conducted by researchers from Emory University and Marcus Autism Center. From the research, they noted that most children diagnosed with the condition have a lower intake of calcium and protein, and also have a high number of other nutritional problems (Woodruff Health Sciences Center , 2013). Some of the feeding problems that children with autism experience include allergies for many food products. Therefore, the nurses should monitor the feeding habits of children, and ensure that the children eat food which is full of nutritional value (Woodruff Health Sciences Center, 2013). Secondly, autistic children also suffer from pica, a condition in which they eat nonfood materials, which is also a feeding and behavioral deficiency that nurses must observe and restrain. The peer reviewed literature meta-analysis did not indicate that feeding disorders in autistic children resulted from the fact that they had a diet with only a few types of food. However, the Marcus Autism Centre researchers subtly indicated that parents of autistic children complained that few foods make up the diets of their autistic children (Woodruff Health Sciences Center , 2013). As a result of this meta-analysis conducted by researchers from Emory University and Marcus Autism Centre, nurses and caregivers of autistic children now have a chance to make the diets of children right by ensuring that they give supplementary nutrients such as proteins and calcium in the form of tablets or injections. The information is essential in making long-term decisions on the management plan for autistic children and the management of other health issues which they have. Another significant impact of the Emory University and Marcus Autism Center research is that the nurses dealing with autistic children can develop a guideline on how to cope with the condition of those children who suffer from autism. Elimination diet has traditionally been used by nurses in coping with the adverse reactions which autistic children have to some types of food, but now it is clear that utilizing the elimination diet strategy could have a malnutrition potential for those involved (Brown-Guttovz, 2008 p.29). This is what drives the nursing community helping the autistic people to determine the best way of dealing with the feeding disorders. The Emory and Marcus Autism Center research was unique and it aimed at improving nursing process for the autistic children. Early Feeding Problems that Indicate Autism Early diagnosis of any condition is beneficial because it helps in determining the right strategies of coping and managing the impacts of the condition. Researchers at the University of Bristol in England noted that children who have feeding disorders are most likely to be autistic (Neale, 2010 Para. 5). This opens a primary method for early diagnosis of ASD (autistic spectrum disorder) which would help in nursing of such children especially in managing their diet and nutrition. According to the study conducted by Golding and his colleagues, children with autism are selective on the food they eat and accept solid foods way later as compared to those who do not suffer from the condition. They are also not easy to feed, and nurses or parents have to struggle to feed them (Land, 2001 p.10). They are slow feeders and accept very few varied diets. Diagnosis should not be entirely dedicated to the feeding habits; hence, the discovery that children are pervasive food refusers or slow feeders, and other factors such as their speech, attention and behaviors should also be scrutinized to determine if they could be suffering from autism (Neale, 2010 para.8). To come to that conclusion, the researchers asked parents to fill questionnaires with information on feeding and dietary habits of their children at different stages in life starting with 6 to 54 weeks, and when the children were at the age of 7, their heights were measured (Neale, 2010 para.8). The information collected from the questionnaires was compared with the information collected on children who have ASD and those who did not have. The patterns of feeding were identified the characteristic of resistance towards change exhibited by autistic children and, hence, found to be very important in early diagnosis of the condition for easy management. SWEAA – A Self-Report Questionnaire Targeting Eating Disturbances within the Autism Spectrum Children with ASD are sometimes thought to be fussy eaters. In many cases, caregivers and parents withhold food from fussy eaters so that they can eat when hungry. With children suffering from ASD, this strategy is dangerous (Karlsson, Rà ¥stam, Wentz, 2013 p.2225). Wentz et.al developed a self reliant questionnaire which people filled to determine how their eating habits were affected by autism. This questionnaire is useful for teenagers and young adults who have autistic spectrum. However, the young adults must have an IQ of over 70 or have no potential for diagnosis of intellectual disability (Karlsson, Rà ¥stam, Wentz, 2013 p.2225). The Swedish Eating Assessment for Autism spectrum disorders (SWEAA) research conducted by Wentz et.al showed that people with ASD prefer food of certain colors and taste. They were also unable to eat because of the inability to eat certain foods and cut at the foods with the utensils provided (Lesinskiene, PÃ… «ras, Kajokiene, Senina, 2002). Thirdly, the traditional setup of the eating place in which there was a sense of sociability was a challenge for people with autism because most of them prefer to do things on their own, but not in a place where there are other people. This indicated that people with ASD could suffer from different other disorders especially related to allergies and phobias, and the best way to handle such cases is by ensuring that these people are well understood (Pinto-Martin, Souders, Giarelli, Levy, 2005 p.164). Secondly, the SWEAA questionnaire is very essential because it helps in knowing the types of foods that the autistic individual does not naturally take so that substitutes are made available for the individual, and the nutritional balance in the body is maintained (Spurgeon, 1967 p.1416). It is quite unhealthy to withhold food for an autistic individual because such an individual may get malnutrition. John 2004 Reflective Model Johns model of reflection is based on five main questions. The cue questions enable an individual to break an issue into several stages including the process, outcomes and experience. In the determination of nursing issues, Johns reflection model was utilized. The breakdown of its application is shown in the discussion below. Description of the Experience At this stage, the knowledge of how autism is manifested in individuals is very important. The investigations conducted all focused on the feeding problems associated with the autistic children and the implications which these children might get from the feeding problems. Children with such conditions also have great potential to lack good social skills, especially those which are acquired during meals. Parents and caregivers of children with this condition understand better how the children behave with food. It was noted that children with ASD usually accepted solid food later in life as compared to their peers. Autistic children are also choosy on the foods they take (Neale, 2010 para.4). The research conducted by Jean Golding and her colleagues also indicated that some were slow eaters, while others were quite troublesome during feeding (Neale, 2010 para.2). In the Emory University and Marcus Autism Center research, an analysis of case recorded about autism and feeding problems were subjected to meta-analysis to come to a conclusion. In the Jean Golding research, parents and caregivers were asked to fill questionnaires which were used in the determination of the impact of autism on feeding, and the SWEAA study involved young adults and teens with ASD. The teens and young adults were required to fill in the questionnaires on their own (Karlsson, Rà ¥stam, Wentz, 2013 p.2226). The information collected from the three empirical researches was subjected to scrutiny and compared to that of feeding behaviors of people without ASD and the difference noted. The Goals and Objectives of the Researches All three researches, the Emory University and Marcus Autism Centre, the Jean Golding headed Bristol University research and SWEAA study, had one main goal and objective which they wanted to achieve. The goal was to determine the extent of feeding problems associated with autism and the consequences they have on health and nutrition of people suffering from the condition, and hence, and secondly, to determine the best nursing strategy which would impacts of autism to the people diagnosed with the condition. It is necessary to keep in mind that they all suffer allergies towards some food, they have a dislike for foods of certain colors, and more importantly, they suffer a low intake of calcium and proteins. These are some of the issues which nurses consider to define the relevant supplements or alternative feeding which can be used. Influencing Factors Age is one of the most important factors influencing the study. If feeding disorders are discovered early, they can be used to diagnose the condition early. Early diagnosis leads to early intervention for children with ASD, including offering substitutes and food supplements in their diet to ensure that the feeding disorders do not affect their health. Secondly, it is notable that early diagnosis of any condition offers the best chance for effective management, and hence, it is beneficial in nursing. Good nursing practice requires the individual to have a guideline for management. What Could Have Been Improved The articles selected for these assignments are all articles which deal with feeding disorders among the autistic children. However, although they are empirical and they give detailed information on the consequences of the disorders among the autistic, it is worth noting that they do not have mathematical representation, which could be essential for quantification. This would have been appropriate and quite beneficial for the study. Research Outcomes There are many issues that an individual can learn from the exercise. First of all, children with autism are not difficult to feed simply because they want to be rebellious, but because they have allergies for some foods. ASD affects some functions of the brain which cause autistic people to be choosy at what they eat or to have repetitive behavior. It is, however, not certain why children with autism have some allergic reactions to some foods since there is not direct connection of the brain functions with the diet. Secondly, it is important to develop a diet which can help in substituting the foods which the autistic children do not like, because it would be even harder to nurse the autistic children if they are in bad health. Lastly, some of the traditional strategies used in managing choosy children cannot be applied to children with autism, and hence, it is important for parents to enlist the help of professional nurses with knowledge and experience in handling such children. If food is denied to force them to eat it when hungry, they may still not take it because they do not refuse to take on their volition, but as a direct response from the brain triggered by color of food, smell or taste as a result of brain function. Conclusion The study involves analyzing three empirical researches on a learning disorder in regards to nursing. The condition chosen is autism, which is a learning disorder and quite challenging in nursing. Three studies have been analyzed and a John 2004 model of reflection used on the three studies. The intention is to help in further understanding of autism and its implications in nursing. If you need a custom research paper written by a professional academic writer dont miss your chance to contact .

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Event management - Essay Example The brief discussion comprehended in this paper concentrates on the event of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† which is planned to be held on 12th June, 2012.Hereby, the objective of the paper will focus on the event management strategy for the organisation of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† on 12th June, 2012 In this context, the management of the program will involve the concept of the event along with its intention to gather organisations for the event The paper will also involve a brief description of the target group for whom the event will be held along with the estimated budget required, execution strategies and required marketing plan with the professional partners and sub-contractors. Concept of the Event The observation of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† was commenced by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the year 2002 as a strong movement against the global extension of child labour. However, the accomplishment against this vulnerable issue initially took place through the acceptance of Convention No. 182 by ILO in 1999. Following this adoption, ILO also announced the â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† as 12th day of June each year by 2002 which was also consolidated with the annual consensus concentrated upon the elimination of child labour including the working children below the age of 15 years. According to the current scenario that has been acknowledged by ILO, more than 215 millions of children all around the world are victim to this vulnerable issue of child labour which certainly require adequate attention from the major international bodies (United Nations, 2010). The abolition with regards to the child labour was one of the necessary steps that have been taken at the foundation of ILO in the year 1919. ILO has also considered the minimum age of being employed for a child to be his/her age after completing the compulsory schooling which have been pronounced in the Convention No. 138. To be precise, children at work must be more than 15years of age; however, light work according to the capability of the child can be allocated to the children aged between 13 to 15 years. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that any hazardous work which may have a severe impact on the health should engage only the children above the age of 18 years (ILO/IPEC-SIMPOC, Geneva, 2007). The emerging scenario of the child labour has been regarded as one of the most embarrassing situations in this global world of development. With regards to the prevention step against the child labour, ILO has taken numerous initiatives with the assistance of different concerned organisations such as United Nations Convention, and International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour among others (ILO/IPEC-SIMPOC, Geneva, 2007). The figure estimated by ILO indicates that more than 15 millions of child workers amongst the total numbers of child labour victims are involved with risky and harmful work s which certainly depicts a severe condition of the working environment (United Nations, 2010). Emphasising on its commitment to eliminate the Worst Form of Child Labour within the year 2016, International Labour Organisation (ILO) has undertaken several strategies towards this hazardous situation which includes generating increasing awareness amid the world societies and the corporate environment (United Nations, 2010). Hence, the â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† can be regarded as an important event to encourage the world from excluding the activities which encourage children to be involved in hazardous working conditions or such employments which do not meet their requirement of health and education. In this regards, the objectives for this event that need to be in practice for this world day can be identified as the generation of understanding and

Do the right thing Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Do the right thing - Movie Review Example This provides a petition to Sal as a kin man (Ebert, 1989). Right from the begin Sal is depicted as a hard working, kind, and dedicated individual (Ebert, 1989). Just the reality that he owns his own commerce in this bumpy and harsh epoch shows that he is a tidy, competent, and enthusiastic man. Later in the film we learn that Sal did in actuality build his pizzeria by himself from the floor up. The verity that Sal gets to split his creation and solid work with his sons crafts it all the extra unique to him (Ebert, 1989). After Sal has ended his pre-opening arrangements, Sal's Pizzeria is open for the daylight hours. Shortly after this, the major character of the movie, Mookie, comes promenaded into the bistro (Ebert, 1989). Mookie facility is as the liberation man for Sal in this film. Mookie accurately delivers pizza, yes, but he as well acts as an intermediary between the two ethnicities (Ebert, 1989). Sal relies on Mookie not merely to get the pizzas transported, but to as well a s to keep his associate black folks pleased with Sal so they will approach and support his bistro. I think that this shows an extremely appealing elevation of Sal (Ebert, 1989). It for the predominantly part trade in him off as a chauvinistic (Ebert, 1989). On one, allot, he can put on a happy visage and make the acquaintance of all the black populace as they crust their hard earned cash out to him for his pizza, whereas on the other dispense, he turns into an extremist, hating the majority of black people and discussing behind their back even as they are not approximately (Ebert, 1989). Now I say most black populace because Sal appears to have this father-son bond departing on amid him and Mookie where Sal is the white dad and Mookie the black lad who in the conclusion finally mutineers like all siblings do at some instance in their life (Ebert, 1989). In addition, Sal appears to have various kind of liking or love for Mookie's sister, Jade (Ebert, 1989). Whilst she comes in the pi zza parlor Sal persist to be made some remarkable wedges of pizza (Ebert, 1989). He then plunges what he is doing to go take a seat and stopover with her. This may prompt one to inquire them if Sal is a chauvinistic then why does Sal own a bistro in the hub of black vicinity (Ebert, 1989). Well as Sal explains to Pino early on the movie it is solely commerce. Sal recognizes that he is not competent to compete with the massive restaurant manacles, so he must journey to someone else's lawn to formulate a go of it (Ebert, 1989). A scary, conventional idea voiced more and again in the movie is that everyone is safest in their "own" vicinity and that it is most excellent if we stay put with the populace like ourselves (Ebert, 1989). Now this does not appear to grasp true for Sal and his pizzeria at foremost (Ebert, 1989). Just gaze at the particulars, he has been in this vicinity for not less than 15 to 20 years with no tribulations that we are made conscious about (Ebert, 1989). Percept ibly he must be creating a profit or he would have closed days ago. The way I observe it is that the major predicament with Sal this time is that he is not in the commerce for the love of it any longer, he is in it for the money (Ebert, 1989). Subsequent to all of these days while making pizza he has misplaced some of the blaze that always got him living (Ebert, 1989). I would be eager to stake that when Sal first unlocked up his pizza cooperative he was ostensibly friendly to all the populace, including the black populace, which came into his